High performance multi-layer varistor (MLV) from doped ZnO nanopowders by water based tape casting: Rheology,sintering, microstructure and properties

In this work, we report the fabrication of a high performance multi-layer varistor (MLV) via water based tape casting method using novel compositions of nanomaterials. Bi₂O₃, CaO and Co₃O₄ doped ZnO nanopowders were prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) route, calcined at different temperatures (550, 650, 750 and 850?°C) and characterized by TEM, XRD, SEM and AFM. The nanopowder (crystallite size ~30?nm) calcined at 650?°C for 1?h was used as the starting material for MLV fabrication. Compositions of the slurry containing doped ZnO nanopowders, binder and plasticizer in water solvent were optimized for the fabrication of thick film. The rheological properties of the slurries having different solid loadings were analysed and thick films of various thicknesses (50–500?µm) were prepared by varying the feeding rate of tape casting. The film roughness of 38.3?nm for the thick film made from 40?wt% solid slurry was found to be superior compared to other samples due to the presence of reduced crack and shrinkage. MLV fired at 950?°C for 1.5?h exhibited a coefficient of nonlinearity of 18 and breakdown voltage of 291.5?V that yields superior properties compared to commercial MLVs.     

融合前沿研究的液体电介质击穿教学研究

针对《高电压与绝缘技术》课程中液体电介质的教学难点，提出了融合前沿研究的液体电介质击穿教学方法。基于前沿的液体放电应用背景与先进的液体放电研究平台，形象地展示液体电介质的动态击穿过程，在教学内容、教学方法、考核方式等方面进行科教融合改进，实施“以学生为中心”理念的课程教学设计。该教学方式取得了较好的教学效果，能够为其它知识点的教学质量提升提供参考。     

Effects of temperature on creepage discharge characteristics in oil-impregnated pressboard insulation under combined AC–DC voltage

Due to the complexity of the valve side winding voltage of the converter transformer, the insulation characteristics of the oil-impregnated pressboard (OIP) of the converter transformer are different from those of the traditional AC transformer. The study on effect of temperature on the creeping discharge characteristics of OIP under combined AC–DC voltage is seriously inadequate. Therefore, this paper investigates the characteristics of OIP creepage discharge under combined AC–DC voltage and discusses the influence of temperature on creepage discharge characteristics under different temperatures from 70°C to 110 °C. The experimental results show that the partial discharge inception voltage and flashover voltage decrease with increasing temperature. The times of low amplitude discharge (LAD) decrease and amplitude of LAD increases. Simultaneously, the times of high amplitude discharge (HAD) gradually increase at each stage of creepage discharge with higher temperature. The analysis indicates that the charge carriers easily accumulate and quickly migrate directional movement along the electric field ahead of discharging. The residual charge carriers are more easily dissipated after discharging. The ‘hump’ region of LAD moves to the direction of higher discharge magnitude. The interval time between two continuous discharges is shortened obviously. The concentration of HAD accelerates the development of OIP insulation creepage discharge. The temperature had an accelerating effect on the development of discharge in the OIP under applying voltage.     

Low voltage operating organic light emitting transistors with efficient charge blocking layer

Charge injection/blocking layers play important roles in the performances of organic electronic devices. Their incorporation into organic light emitting transistors has been limitted, due to generally high operating voltages (above 60 V) of these devices. In this work, two hole blocking molecules are integrated into tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃) based light emitting transistors under operating voltage as low as 5 V. The effects of hole blocking and electron injection are decoupled through the differences in the energy levels. Significantly improved optical performance is achieved with the molecule of suitable energy level for electron injection. Surprisingly, a decreased performance is observed in the case of another hole blocking molecule evidencing that charge injection overweighs charge blocking in this device architecture.     

LWD仪器临界电压数据读取分析与解决

锂电池是LWD仪器正常工作的动力来源,是仪器的心脏。仪器出井后,需要在井口读取数据,当锂电池的电量接近耗尽时,会导致数据读取失败的问题。该问题处理不当,会造成长期占用井口,影响钻井时效,严重时还可能会因短路造成昂贵的LWD仪器损坏。锂电池的临界电压问题暴露了该仪器的设计缺陷,在此通过技术方法充分利用INSITE系统本身提供的功能,绕过其设计缺陷将问题解决。     

基于过程免疫力的动态电压恢复器优化配置

优质电力园区以最低成本满足用户对电能质量的特殊需求,成为解决电压暂降问题的新途径,已在国内外开展了广泛的试点应用。针对中国优质电力园区规划缺少经济高效的优化配置方法的实际情况,提出了一种基于过程免疫力的动态电压恢复器优化配置方法。基于工业过程电压暂降免疫力,以满足用户用电需求为目标,以治理设备购置费用最低为约束,采用遗传算法对园区供电质量分级制定动态电压恢复器的优化配置方案,实现工业园区电压暂降治理的经济性。对大型精密温控系统的电压暂降治理装置的优化配置方法进行仿真计算,验证了所提方法的有效性与经济性。     

GIS气体高压开关在阳煤五矿变电站的应用

针对阳煤五矿广场变电站的高压开关老化问题,为了保证安全性,采用了GIS气体的高压绝缘开关进行了改造。在改造后,变电站的安全性得到了显著提高,设备运行可以节省成本200多万元。     

Design and fabrication of thermoelectric waste heat reutilization system—possible industrial application

The current article discussed the detail design and development of an experimental test rig to derive usable energy by utilizing the waste heat energy through a heat exchanger made of Bi₂Te₃ material. The accuracy including the efficiency of the fabricated device is demonstrated further by verifying the associated parameter through a simulation model (commercial finite element package, ANSYS 15.0). To imitate the waste hot air from the industry is achieved via a heat gun and fed to the test rig for the generation of thermoelectric power. The simulation model accuracy has been demonstrated by juxtaposing the associated experimental data and computational readings. Subsequently, the feasibility and optimum range of design parameters are established by comparing the experimental and the simulation data (triggered temperature difference, voltage output, and heat flux) generated at the interface of the thermoelectric power generators. In addition, the coefficient of determination (R²) value has been evaluated statistically and verified with the current experimental results for the demonstration of the relevancy. The statistical study shows the existence of the correlation between the current experimental and the simulation model. Also, the experimental result indicates the possible implementation of the newly developed system for the recovery from the waste heat either the automobile exhaust or any other kind of dissipated heat from the industries.     

How platinum oxide affects the degradation analysis of PEM fuel cell cathodes

In this work, proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathodes are degraded with accelerated-stress-tests.These PtCo containing cathodes are analyzed at begin-of-life and end-of-test with a dedicated diagnostic procedure. For every individual load point, the oxygen transport resistance and voltage losses due to the formation of platinum oxides were obtained in addition to commonly measured electrochemical surface area, high frequency resistance, as well as cathode ionomer resistance. These data were used to break down the voltage losses into six different contributors. With this break down, performance gains and performance losses were determined at end-of-test. At low current densities, it was found that voltage losses due to degradation are dominated by the loss of specific activity and catalyst surface area - in line with the state-of-the-art knowledge. But by quantifying the losses from platinum oxide formation explicitly, we show that end-of-test an unassigned voltage loss is not only present at highest current densities, but already at low current density. More precisely, the unassigned voltage loss shows a linear increase with decreasing half cell voltage and is independent from the chosen accelerated stress test. As this unassigned loss depends on half cell voltage, it might arise from ionomer adsorption.     

A voltage support control strategy based on three-port flexible multi-state switch in distribution networks

Voltage sags in power system may lead to serious problems such as the off-grid of distributed generation and electrical equipment failures. As a novel type of power electronic equipment, a flexible multi-state switch (FMSS) is capable to support the voltage during the grid faults. In this paper, a voltage control strategy to support the voltage in a distribution network is proposed by introducing three-port FMSS. The positive–negative-sequence compensation (PNSC) scheme is adopted to control the active and reactive current. This control scheme eliminates active power oscillations at the port of voltage sags and reduces coupling oscillations of other ports. Based on the characteristics of the voltage support under PNSC scheme, two voltage support strategies are proposed. A proportional-integral controller is introduced to provide the reactive power references, which eliminates the errors when estimating the grid voltage and impedance. A current limiting scheme is adopted to keep the port current in a safe range by adjusting the active and reactive power references. The voltage support strategies in two different voltage sags are simulated, and results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.